Cuomo spends $10 million to take chowder clams from Long Island Sound and place them in polluted zones of Bellport , Hempstead and other bays ..............
The 'theory ' is that these clams will clean the polluted bays and reproduce as well .......
Its been tried in Great South Bay on the old Blue Point lands and it has been a FAILURE ...........
Waste of $$$$$ .. When Mother Nature is ready , she will produce all the clams ever needed ....
Clean up the water and the clams will come back ..............
Joke time ...........
4,024 views·24 replies·by Scupper··
Complain all you want. At least some sort of an effort is being made to do something.
The efforts being made in Shinnecock Bay are making a difference and working.
Can you direct us to where the failure you refer to is documented?
Personally, I can prove success as I can fill a bushel of claims anytime I want.
The efforts being made in Shinnecock Bay are making a difference and working.
Can you direct us to where the failure you refer to is documented?
Personally, I can prove success as I can fill a bushel of claims anytime I want.
CommodoreOriginal Crew7,060 postsSince 2018
S
Complain all you want. At least some sort of an effort is being made to do something.Nature Conservancy spent a ton of $$$$ buying clams from CT and Long Island and planting them off Sayville in a protected area , it has not worked ... Carl Lobue is the chief of that program , nice guy but misguided .....
The efforts being made in Shinnecock Bay are making a difference and working.
Can you direct us to where the failure you refer to is documented?
Personally, I can prove success as I can fill a bushel of claims anytime I want.
"Do something" is not the answer , being SMART is a better approach ...
Spending $millions transplanting chowders is a WA$TE of money ....
Growing seed is a much better option , shellfish farming is the way to go ... setting up clam 'sanctuaries ' is a total waste .......
The NY region already has millions of acres prohibited for shellfishing and full of old chowders , why aren't those areas clean ?
How 'clean ' is Jamaica Bay ? How about Eastchester or Little Neck Bay ?
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
I'm not exactly sure about how clean jamaica, eastchester, or little neck bay's are and can only speculate that there is acorrelation between waste water plants discharging into, runoff, antiquated cesspools, people more concerned about gold course quality grass, and overall disrespect for the environment in general.
I also speculate too many people automatically brush off any attempt to help the environment as a bunch of whacko enviro liberals gone amuck
I think a balanced combination of seeding and sanctuaries is the way to go and not a total waste. Out here, through the efforts of those "crazy whacko's", attempts to replant eel grass is helping.
I welcome ANY attempt to help
If you prefer to complain and mock those that at least want to try to do something positive, that's your choice
I also speculate too many people automatically brush off any attempt to help the environment as a bunch of whacko enviro liberals gone amuck
I think a balanced combination of seeding and sanctuaries is the way to go and not a total waste. Out here, through the efforts of those "crazy whacko's", attempts to replant eel grass is helping.
I welcome ANY attempt to help
If you prefer to complain and mock those that at least want to try to do something positive, that's your choice
CommodoreOriginal Crew7,060 postsSince 2018
S
I'm not exactly sure about how clean jamaica, eastchester, or little neck bay's are and can only speculate that there is acorrelation between waste water plants discharging into, runoff, antiquated cesspools, people more concerned about gold course quality grass, and overall disrespect for the environment in general.
I also speculate too many people automatically brush off any attempt to help the environment as a bunch of whacko enviro liberals gone amuck
I think a balanced combination of seeding and sanctuaries is the way to go and not a total waste. Out here, through the efforts of those "crazy whacko's", attempts to replant eel grass is helping.
I welcome ANY attempt to help
If you prefer to complain and mock those that at least want to try to do something positive, that's your choice
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
S
China wrote '''' If you prefer to complain and mock those that at least want to try to do something positive thats your choice "
WOW , were do I even begin ?
I guess arm chair Capts know more than those who have actually gotten their hands calloused and dirty working on this subject ....
Family members have been involved in transplanting MILLIONS of clams to sanctuaries ... I will REPEAT my previous comments ... Clam sanctuaries DO NOT WORK ...... Cornell spouted that idea in the 1980's and convinced Baymen to spend gobs of money for ZERO results ............
I personally organized a sizeable project for Great South Bay involving Baymen ,,, the Baymen made an honest days pay , BUT will all 'good' intentions , the project was a failure ..........
Family members contributed $$$$ and built the FIRST grow out dock on the East Coast [ FLUBSY } which still operates to this day ,,, I took my humble skiff and towed that beast to its current location way before my grey hairs appeared ...... That grow out dock has produced tens of millions of clam seed which has spurred additional FLUBSY's and an enlarged program ..... Clam seed programs do indeed work .....
Seed growth works IF they are planted where Nature wants them to thrive ... Clam transplants for the sake of a sanctuary has been and will be a WA$TE of time and resources ....
Runoff is killing our waterways and our clams ,,, the solution is somehow to reduce runoff in heavily populated areas ....
PS , why turn this into a "liberal' vs us conversation ? It should be all about SMART solutions to a complex problem .......not just throwing hard earned money up against the wall for photo ops ...........
WOW , were do I even begin ?
I guess arm chair Capts know more than those who have actually gotten their hands calloused and dirty working on this subject ....
Family members have been involved in transplanting MILLIONS of clams to sanctuaries ... I will REPEAT my previous comments ... Clam sanctuaries DO NOT WORK ...... Cornell spouted that idea in the 1980's and convinced Baymen to spend gobs of money for ZERO results ............
I personally organized a sizeable project for Great South Bay involving Baymen ,,, the Baymen made an honest days pay , BUT will all 'good' intentions , the project was a failure ..........
Family members contributed $$$$ and built the FIRST grow out dock on the East Coast [ FLUBSY } which still operates to this day ,,, I took my humble skiff and towed that beast to its current location way before my grey hairs appeared ...... That grow out dock has produced tens of millions of clam seed which has spurred additional FLUBSY's and an enlarged program ..... Clam seed programs do indeed work .....
Seed growth works IF they are planted where Nature wants them to thrive ... Clam transplants for the sake of a sanctuary has been and will be a WA$TE of time and resources ....
Runoff is killing our waterways and our clams ,,, the solution is somehow to reduce runoff in heavily populated areas ....
PS , why turn this into a "liberal' vs us conversation ? It should be all about SMART solutions to a complex problem .......not just throwing hard earned money up against the wall for photo ops ...........
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
Seed growth works IF they are planted where Nature wants them to thrive ... Clam transplants for the sake of a sanctuary has been and will be a WA$TE of time and resources ....
Runoff is killing our waterways and our clams ,,, the solution is somehow to reduce runoff in heavily populated areas ....
Well, I certainly have no intention or desire to go back and forth of our opinions on what works and what doesn't so I'll say that I totally agree with you that runoff is the real issue and finding a long term solution to that is the real answer.
Inspired by the works of Dr. Chris Gobler, a few years back my son did his 6th grade science project on PRB's Permeable reactive barriers. If you are not familiar with them its a method of building an underground tank type of thing that works as filter to grab nitrogen out of water before it dumps out into the bay. But i guess like everything else people dismiss it because of the cost associated with installing them. They are proven effective if utilized properly. His project actually took 1st place👍
CommodoreOriginal Crew7,060 postsSince 2018
S
Well, I certainly have no intention or desire to go back and forth of our opinions on what works and what doesn't so I'll say that I totally agree with you that runoff is the real issue and finding a long term solution to that is the real answer.No one really knows why many regions on LI no longer have clam sets .... The problem seems to be creeping from bay to bay and it is NOT overfishing .....
Inspired by the works of Dr. Chris Gobler, a few years back my son did his 6th grade science project on PRB's Permeable reactive barriers. If you are not familiar with them its a method of building an underground tank type of thing that works as filter to grab nitrogen out of water before it dumps out into the bay. But i guess like everything else people dismiss it because of the cost associated with installing them. They are proven effective if utilized properly. His project actually took 1st place👍
Nitrogen ? maybe .....
How do we know its not road dust, just where does that dust from asphalt roads end up ?
How about tire wear dust , all of our tires wear down and the dust is washed away into our bays .....
Round UP ? If it kills certain plants maybe it kills marine life ......
Bug spray ? many believe the lobster industry was decimated by spraying .........
Road salting/sanding ? Some believe that this practice is harmful to our bays ........
Believe or not , many believe the loss of fresh water along Great South Bay is responsible for a lack of clams ... Many a Bayman will tell you that the sets stopped coming when the Babylon Sewer plant came on line ........ Many a local pond on the South Shore has dried up due to a lower water table ..........
Lawn fertilizer is worth a very good look as well , I believe in the long run all of our 'green' lawns need to be replaced ... The politics of a move like that would create a upheaval , but probably worth the effort .....
Fertilizers for farming is needed , all of our wonderful lawns probably could go to rock gardens or some other look ......
The Baymen are disappearing at a rapid clip , these are our last 'Cowboys' and we should work hard to ensure their way of life continues as long as they are willing to work as hard as they do ... The hours are long , the work is backbreaking , the pay is OK at best , the freedom and self reliance is PRICELESS ...... They can be ornery , nasty , wonderful , caring , overly independent , sharing , secretive. To survive they all have one thing in common , they bust their tails day in and day out and I cherish them just as they are ............
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
So now that we got the nonsense out of the way 🙂😛.....
I'm not understanding the position that clam sanctuaries do not work.
I don't think anybody out there thinks that the sanctuaries alone are going to filter all the water and magically make everything better.
Aren't the clams placed in those areas reproducing?? Do clams of stop reproducing after a certain size and or age??
If they are still reproducing why wouldn't those new seeds drift to other areas of the bay and settle somewhere else.
I would think to call them a total failure is a bit overstated and even if it helps a little bit its worth the effort.
I'm not understanding the position that clam sanctuaries do not work.
I don't think anybody out there thinks that the sanctuaries alone are going to filter all the water and magically make everything better.
Aren't the clams placed in those areas reproducing?? Do clams of stop reproducing after a certain size and or age??
If they are still reproducing why wouldn't those new seeds drift to other areas of the bay and settle somewhere else.
I would think to call them a total failure is a bit overstated and even if it helps a little bit its worth the effort.
CommodoreOriginal Crew7,060 postsSince 2018
S
So now that we got the nonsense out of the way 🙂😛.....Probably last reply unless something new develops ....
I'm not understanding the position that clam sanctuaries do not work.
I don't think anybody out there thinks that the sanctuaries alone are going to filter all the water and magically make everything better.
Aren't the clams placed in those areas reproducing?? Do clams of stop reproducing after a certain size and or age??
If they are still reproducing why wouldn't those new seeds drift to other areas of the bay and settle somewhere else.
I would think to call them a total failure is a bit overstated and even if it helps a little bit its worth the effort.
'China wrote ' even if it helps a little bit its worth the effort "
We all have limited resources including the Gov .
We can plant seed clams at less than a nickel each vs at LEAST the 30 cent per chowder price .. Dock price for chowders is @ 20 cents , the buyer makes $$$$ , trucks them to Bellport , the State workers then use a state boat [ probably new ] to haul thousands of heavy bags of chowders to the site ..... A lot of handling and bulk ... Many of these chowders are past their prime as spawners and many are infertile as well .... No different from a woman who is trying to make babies later on in life .....
Seed clams are planted at the size of 10 mm , or the size of a pinky nail .... it doesn't take a whole lot of trucking to move millions of seed to a site .. A fish tote or two will carry millions ....
So for arguments sake lets say the State could plant 6 seed for every chowder planted .... We would get 6 times more' positive effect' from seed vs chowders ....Seed make babies too , lots of them ... Let the seed grow and then let the public harvest them several years later ... Repeat over and over again .......
The economics of Chowder vs seed planting is a no brainer ......... Seed will make more babies , grow the bottom , and provide jobs for the long run ... A win for everybody ............
Charge the Baymen $10 per tag per every bag sold , use the proceeds exclusively for new seed to be planted in public beds and the Industry could help 'clean' the bays and provide steady incomes for those who choose that way of life ....The cycle would work and go on indefinitely .....
The boys in my harbor tried the Chowder route years ago , it was a complete failure , they now spend all their resources on growing seed ..........
Nature Conservancy had a clam sanctuary in Great South Bay with clams from the Sound , they spent gobs of money , it was a complete failure .....
Seed is the ONLY way to get things moving ,, use our resources wisely , not for photo ops .......
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
OK, the scientist me had me combing through the invertebrate physiology literature regarding Mercenaria mercenaria reproduction based on some of the statements here and I've yet to find out that as the clams age, their reproductive abilities begin to diminish or are exhausted. I'd love a citation for this please Scupper.
What I did find, in a very-well written and exhaustive 2008 study by URI scientists Marroquin-Mora and Rice, Gonadal Cycle of Northern Quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne, 1758), from Fished and Nonfished Subpopulations in Narragansett Bay, Clam Study
Here's a quote from the introduction that tends to agree with some of the statements here regarding transplanting chowder-sized clams.
Opponents to this view of unexploited ‘‘old growth’’ stocks serving as de facto spawner sanctuaries state hypothetically that populations of large suspension feeders may be regulated by intraspecific competition for food or space. High population densities may deplete the food resources of overlying water masses to a critical level resulting in depressed rates of growth, survivorship, and/or fecundity (Peterson & Andre 1980, Maurer 1983) or inhibiting recruitment if adults filter settling larvae from the water column, as suggested by Woodin (1976).
The study goes on to explore this, and demonstrate in poor water quality areas, or areas of high populations, there is reduced spawning, due to hypoxia and competition for available nutrients. When they compare reproduction in closed versus open harvest areas they do not mention anything about age/size related changes in fecundity...
Because population densities are also higher in the closed areas than in the open areas, it is very likely that the density factor results in the significant differences in condition index observed between the conditional areas and closed sites. Decreased fecundity of quahogs in closed sites caused by water quality conditions in those areas that are prone to hypoxia may be exacerbated by quahog population density as well.
So unless someone can point me to a specific reference regarding decreased fecundity/infertility of chowder Mercenaria mercinaria, we can give that line of reasoning a rest.
What I did find, in a very-well written and exhaustive 2008 study by URI scientists Marroquin-Mora and Rice, Gonadal Cycle of Northern Quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne, 1758), from Fished and Nonfished Subpopulations in Narragansett Bay, Clam Study
Here's a quote from the introduction that tends to agree with some of the statements here regarding transplanting chowder-sized clams.
Opponents to this view of unexploited ‘‘old growth’’ stocks serving as de facto spawner sanctuaries state hypothetically that populations of large suspension feeders may be regulated by intraspecific competition for food or space. High population densities may deplete the food resources of overlying water masses to a critical level resulting in depressed rates of growth, survivorship, and/or fecundity (Peterson & Andre 1980, Maurer 1983) or inhibiting recruitment if adults filter settling larvae from the water column, as suggested by Woodin (1976).
The study goes on to explore this, and demonstrate in poor water quality areas, or areas of high populations, there is reduced spawning, due to hypoxia and competition for available nutrients. When they compare reproduction in closed versus open harvest areas they do not mention anything about age/size related changes in fecundity...
Because population densities are also higher in the closed areas than in the open areas, it is very likely that the density factor results in the significant differences in condition index observed between the conditional areas and closed sites. Decreased fecundity of quahogs in closed sites caused by water quality conditions in those areas that are prone to hypoxia may be exacerbated by quahog population density as well.
So unless someone can point me to a specific reference regarding decreased fecundity/infertility of chowder Mercenaria mercinaria, we can give that line of reasoning a rest.
AdmiralOriginal Crew21,694 postsSince 2018
30 cents dock price for chowders???
Hmmmm..... I have not been commercially clamming for many many years but we were lucky to get 20 cents for top necks the week before 4th of July or Labor Day, we got treading in bellport, the narrows, or wherever. We were lucky if we got $10 for a bag of chowders.
Hmmmm..... I have not been commercially clamming for many many years but we were lucky to get 20 cents for top necks the week before 4th of July or Labor Day, we got treading in bellport, the narrows, or wherever. We were lucky if we got $10 for a bag of chowders.
CommodoreOriginal Crew7,060 postsSince 2018
S
OK, the scientist me had me combing through the invertebrate physiology literature regarding Mercenaria mercenaria reproduction based on some of the statements here and I've yet to find out that as the clams age, their reproductive abilities begin to diminish or are exhausted. I'd love a citation for this please Scupper.Kassner and Malouf (1982) who found that transplanted clams spawned at the same time as native clams. Transplanting of adult hard clams to establish spawner sanctuaries has been conducted by the Town of Islip since 1974 within a relatively large portion of GSB (~ 20,000 acres). Annual monitoring of the population indicates that these efforts have met with little or no success (with success defined as recruitment into the harvestable fishery) (S. Buckner, pers. comm.). In addition, the Bluepoints Co. conducted 13 years of spawner transplants from 1973 to 1985, planting over 12 million clams, with little or no success (C. Strong, pers. comm.). Extensive dye study data were used in both programs to site spawner sanctuaries and identify likely areas of larval setting.
What I did find, in a very-well written and exhaustive 2008 study by URI scientists Marroquin-Mora and Rice, Gonadal Cycle of Northern Quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne, 1758), from Fished and Nonfished Subpopulations in Narragansett Bay, Clam Study
Here's a quote from the introduction that tends to agree with some of the statements here regarding transplanting chowder-sized clams.
Opponents to this view of unexploited ‘‘old growth’’ stocks serving as de facto spawner sanctuaries state hypothetically that populations of large suspension feeders may be regulated by intraspecific competition for food or space. High population densities may deplete the food resources of overlying water masses to a critical level resulting in depressed rates of growth, survivorship, and/or fecundity (Peterson & Andre 1980, Maurer 1983) or inhibiting recruitment if adults filter settling larvae from the water column, as suggested by Woodin (1976).
The study goes on to explore this, and demonstrate in poor water quality areas, or areas of high populations, there is reduced spawning, due to hypoxia and competition for available nutrients. When they compare reproduction in closed versus open harvest areas they do not mention anything about age/size related changes in fecundity...
Because population densities are also higher in the closed areas than in the open areas, it is very likely that the density factor results in the significant differences in condition index observed between the conditional areas and closed sites. Decreased fecundity of quahogs in closed sites caused by water quality conditions in those areas that are prone to hypoxia may be exacerbated by quahog population density as well.
So unless someone can point me to a specific reference regarding decreased fecundity/infertility of chowder Mercenaria mercinaria, we can give that line of reasoning a rest.
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
S
30 cents dock price for chowders???20 cents dock price for chowders , trucking , middle man profit probably gets the transplant price near that 30 cent number ... necks are 26 cent range , tops are 20 cent ....
Hmmmm..... I have not been commercially clamming for many many years but we were lucky to get 20 cents for top necks the week before 4th of July or Labor Day, we got treading in bellport, the narrows, or wherever. We were lucky if we got $10 for a bag of chowders.
These prices are desperately needed to keep the guys afloat .........
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
Kassner and Malouf (1982) who found that transplanted clams spawned at the same time as native clams. Transplanting of adult hard clams to establish spawner sanctuaries has been conducted by the Town of Islip since 1974 within a relatively large portion of GSB (~ 20,000 acres). Annual monitoring of the population indicates that these efforts have met with little or no success (with success defined as recruitment into the harvestable fishery) (S. Buckner, pers. comm.). In addition, the Bluepoints Co. conducted 13 years of spawner transplants from 1973 to 1985, planting over 12 million clams, with little or no success (C. Strong, pers. comm.). Extensive dye study data were used in both programs to site spawner sanctuaries and identify likely areas of larval setting.
Exactly, nothing above says larger clams are less fecund, just that expecting them to replenish an area doesn't seem to work. Got to be exact in your claims.
Another point, the only real scientific paper above is the 82 Kassner and Malouf, the rest are personal communications. The advantage there is a communication can make any claim it wants, without having verified data to back that up. What you have here is by virtue of the dye data, there should be larval settling. Observations of no big bump up in clam population was speculated that larval settling didn't seem to work, but not proven. To extrapolate that to older clams don't reproduce well is pure speculation, unless you actually demonstrate that.
Yeah, I'm a PITA on science. As one, I'm charged with maintaining its purity, especially these days when there's so much fake science pawned off as real science and visa versa...
AdmiralOriginal Crew21,694 postsSince 2018
S
Exactly, nothing above says larger clams are less fecund, just that expecting them to replenish an area doesn't seem to work. Got to be exact in your claims.The thread was all about establishing a 'clam sanctuary " from chowders .... Its been established that these efforts do not produce additional amount of seed due to the 'protected ' clams breeding ......
Another point, the only real scientific paper above is the 82 Kassner and Malouf, the rest are personal communications. The advantage there is a communication can make any claim it wants, without having verified data to back that up. What you have here is by virtue of the dye data, there should be larval settling. Observations of no big bump up in clam population was speculated that larval settling didn't seem to work, but not proven. To extrapolate that to older clams don't reproduce well is pure speculation, unless you actually demonstrate that.
Yeah, I'm a PITA on science. As one, I'm charged with maintaining its purity, especially these days when there's so much fake science pawned off as real science and visa versa...
This thread has gotten into minutia whether a 'old' clam can make babies as strong as a younger clam ..... Towns all across Long Island have gotten away from the sanctuary model and have established hatcheries ... Why ... Experience has taught them that hatcheries produce results , old chowder beds just fade away ....
I don't have the time or the inclination , but I would wager that the commercial hatcheries up and down the coast do NOT use old chowders as breeders , they want stronger specimens .... I haven't yet seen clam viagra advertised while on the water ........
Hatchery phone numbers are on google , give them a call if you want .....
Not one commercial clam farm uses transplants / sanctuaries as their method to grow stock ... AND I'd bet that they DO NOT seek out old chowders from LI Sound for brood stock in their hatchery ......
Your ' Science ' is fine and dandy ,,,, Decades of direct family involvement in hatching and growing clams/ oysters has taught us a few things never learned 'in school ' .........
I said it before and will say it again ,, NY State spending $10 million on old chowder transplants is a colossal waste of resources ....
That $10 million could purchase a WHOPPING 285 MILLION ready for planting SEED CLAMS ...... with a market value at maturity of $74 million 'if ' they all survived ....................
First MateOriginal Crew711 postsSince 2018
The future of the shellfish industry will rely on aquaculture. The writing is on the wall. Chesapeake bay and Virginia are leading the way right now.
Shellfish Aquaculture
Money Cuomo is pissing away for the attention of the general public could have been used to promote/start a Long Island aquaculture program. No dredging, environmentally friendly, and as Virginia is finding out, spat from farmed shellfish is starting to re-establish the wild populations.
Shellfish Aquaculture
Money Cuomo is pissing away for the attention of the general public could have been used to promote/start a Long Island aquaculture program. No dredging, environmentally friendly, and as Virginia is finding out, spat from farmed shellfish is starting to re-establish the wild populations.
CaptainOriginal Crew2,530 postsSince 2018
The thread was all about establishing a 'clam sanctuary " from chowders .... Its been established that these efforts do not produce additional amount of seed due to the 'protected ' clams breeding ......
This thread has gotten into minutia whether a 'old' clam can make babies as strong as a younger clam ..... Towns all across Long Island have gotten away from the sanctuary model and have established hatcheries ... Why ... Experience has taught them that hatcheries produce results , old chowder beds just fade away ....
I don't have the time or the inclination , but I would wager that the commercial hatcheries up and down the coast do NOT use old chowders as breeders , they want stronger specimens .... I haven't yet seen clam viagra advertised while on the water ........
Hatchery phone numbers are on google , give them a call if you want .....
Not one commercial clam farm uses transplants / sanctuaries as their method to grow stock ... AND I'd bet that they DO NOT seek out old chowders from LI Sound for brood stock in their hatchery ......
Your ' Science ' is fine and dandy ,,,, Decades of direct family involvement in hatching and growing clams/ oysters has taught us a few things never learned 'in school ' .........
I said it before and will say it again ,, NY State spending $10 million on old chowder transplants is a colossal waste of resources ....
That $10 million could purchase a WHOPPING 285 MILLION ready for planting SEED CLAMS ...... with a market value at maturity of $74 million 'if ' they all survived ....................
No arguments about the origins of the post, and the fact that sanctuaries aren't cutting it. I agree that the $10 MM initiative is an expensive "Look At Me" gambit by Il Duce Andy!!
I just take exception with unsubstantiated claims presented as facts, something that has run amok in today's Social Media world, "I saw it on the internet so it must be true!!" You've yet to provide documented proof that increased age decreases fecundity in Mercenaria mercenaria. It may or may not be true since I couldn't find anything that addresses that. When I see something new to me, I check it out. If I can't find it substantiated in the scientific literature, I will question it and point it out. It's the scientist in me who's never upset when proven wrong. I love learning new things.
AdmiralOriginal Crew21,694 postsSince 2018
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